Araştırma AlanlarıKitap İncelemesi:...

Kitap İncelemesi: Askeri Tarih Nedir?

Stephen Morillo ve Michael F. Pavkovic tarafından telif edilmiş ve dilimize Kemal Özdil tarafından tercüme edilmiş alanında kıymetli bir eserdir. Yazarlarına bakacak olursak eserin akademik düşünsel hayatımıza katkısını anlamamız çok güç olmayacaktır. Stephen Morillo, Dünya Tarihi, Ortaçağ Tarihi ve askeri tarih alanlarında uzmanlık kazanmıştır. Özellikle 10. ve 18. yüzyılları kapsayan, savaş ve savaşçı elitleri üstüne yaptığı tarihsel çalışmalarıyla öne çıkar. Michael F. Pavkovic, İlkçağ, Erken Modern Dönem ve Napolyon Dönemlerinin askeri tarihi konusunda tarihsel çalışmaları mevcuttur. Eskiçağdan Yakınçağa askeri tarih alanında çalışmaları mevcut yazarlarımızın bize sunduğu bilgiler çerçevesinde geniş bir perspektifle “Askeri Tarihe” bakmamız iktiza eder.

Eser altı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Askeri tarihin yazımından günümüze kadar var olan problemlere, farklı bakış açılarına, tarihe yardımcı bilim dallarına, büyük uygarlıklara, savaş pratikleriyle ilgili literatüre yer vererek okurlar için, bu alanın aslında var olan olgulara ve neden-sonuç ilişkisine sağlam bir temel oluşturmaktadır. Birçok önemli kaynak kullanarak ve yazarların konuyla ilgili düşünce ve çalışmalarını metin içinde vererek sağlam bir tartışma dolayısıyla tezler ve antitezler oluşturulmaktadır. Bunu yaparken akıcı ve akademik bir dil kullanılıyor.

Tarih araştırmaları ve yazımı, her alanda şimdiyi anlamlandırma, yönlendirme ve şekillendirme çabası güden insanlar için vazgeçilmez birer unsurdurlar. Tarihsel yazımın başladığı en eski alanlardan biridir askeri tarih. Nitekim askeri tarih alanına olan merak bu alandaki müstakil eserlerin doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Tıpkı incelediğimiz “Askeri Tarih Nedir?” kitabı gibi. Sadece duyulan bu merak bir perspektif çizmemekle beraber yeni yollar, yeni çıkarımlar ve yeni tezler ortaya koymak için ihtiyaç duyulan güdüleri tetikler. Nedenler ve sonuçlar insan aklını kurcalayan zehirler gibidir ve bu zehirler bizi tarihi araştırmalara götürür. Tarih araştırmaları çeşitli gruplara hitap ediyor ve aynı çeşitliliği askeri tarihe meraklı yazarlarda/okurlarda da görmek pek tabidir. Askeri Tarih Nedir? kitabı bu çeşitliliği ve bu çeşitliliğin sebeplerini mantıksal bir çerçevede okurlara sunmaktadır. Askeri tarihi araştırıp yazmanın bir nevi ‘savaşı meşrulaştırmak ve desteklemekle’ eş değer gören bakış açılarına karşı başlatılmış güçlü bir polemikle, aslında günümüz ordu-savaş alt yapısı geçmişle bağdaştırılarak okura sunulmaktadır. Askeri tarihin pratik kullanımı günümüzde askeri faaliyetlere yön veren sivil toplum örgütleri ve profesyonel askeri personel için önemli ve yadsınamaz niteliktedir. Tarihin hiçbir alanında buna askeri tarih de dahil tam bir nesnellikten bahsedilemez bu farklı bakış açıları yeni sorularla meydana gelmektedir. Farklı bakış açılarıyla kapsamlı ve anlamlandırılabilir bir tarih bütünü oluşturulmaktadır. Fakat bu farklı bakış açıları daha derinlemesine bir perspektif oluşturmaya bizi iterken bir grup, bunların sadece bir görüşten ibaret olduğunu öne atarak işin içinden çıkmaya çalışıyor. Bizleri ilgilendiren akademik boyutlu “Askeri Tarih Nedir?” bu varsayımlarla işe başlayıp somut veriler sunarak aslında bunların sadece bir görüşten ibaret olmadığını kanıtlar niteliktedir. İncelediğimiz kitap yeni başlayanlar için bir başlangıç kitabı yahut askeri tarih ne için önemlidir, kim için yazılmıştır, amaçları, nedenleri ve sonuçlarıyla yol haritası oluşturmayı hedeflemiştir. Kitapta beni etkileyen ve üzen şeyler mevcut bunlara örnek verecek olursam; Avrupa merkezli bir anlatımın olması beni üzen bir husustur. Çünkü derin bir tarihe ev sahipliği yapmış bir coğrafyada yaşamanın gerekliliklerini yerine getiremiyor oluşumuz, bize miras bırakılan emsalsiz tarihe ve değerlerine sahip çıkamıyor oluşumuz ve bu konudaki yetersizliğimiz tekrar bir tokat gibi çarptı yüzüme. Kitapta etkileyici olan yön ise askeri tarihi, Roma’dan Jül Sezar ile başlayarak, Ortaçağ Avrupası’ndan Çine, Bizans’tan İslam’a kadar geniş bir perspektif çizerek anlatıma başlamasıdır. Homeros’un İlyada Destanı gibi en eski tarih anlatılarında gizlenen askeri tarihten “askeri devrime” kadar günümüz güncel tartışmalara uzanarak, büyük kahramanlıklara dayalı eski savaş anlatılarının karşısına savaş meydanı gerisinde halkın gündelik yaşamını, lojistiğini, erken dönemlerden günümüze kadınların savaşlardaki rolünü ve askerlerin anılarını çıkarıp günümüzle örtüştürmeye çalışıyor. Kitabın bize kattığı en temel bilgi ise savaşın siyaset temelli olarak düşünülmemesi gerektiğidir. Siyasetle ilgisi yok sayılamaz ancak çok boyutlu olduğunu yani ekonomi, iktisat, sosyoloji, kültürel, dinsel sebeplerle siyasetin körüklendiğini tartışıyor. Savaş olgusunu daha geniş çaplı düşünerek gerçek ya da gerçeğe en yakın sonuçla karşılaşırız. İncelediğim eserin alanında en iyilerin arasında saymak yani klasikleşmiş bir yapıt olarak görmekte haksız olmadığımı eseri okuduğunuz zaman daha iyi anlayacaksınız.

Zehra AKARSU
Zehra AKARSU
İlk ve Ortaokulu Muş Mehmet Akif Ersoy Okulu'nda okudum. Liseyi ise İlci İnşaat Kız Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi'nden, 2016 yılında dereceyle mezun oldum. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Tarih bölümünden 2021'de birincilikle mezun oldum. Aynı yıl birincilikle yüksek lisans eğitimime başladım. Yakın Çağ alanı üzerine çalışmalarımı sürdürmekteyim. Aynı zamanda Orta ve Yeni Çağ alanlarına da ilgi duymaktayım. Orta düzeyde İngilizce ve giriş düzeyde Farsça ve Arapça bilmekteyim.

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